{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Redding, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Redding in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG A) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Redding",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 8719
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 1175.85
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 341973.531254
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.134861
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0301
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Old Lyme",
    "Waterford",
    "Oxford",
    "North Stonington",
    "New Fairfield",
    "Madison",
    "Brookfield",
    "Cromwell",
    "Middlebury",
    "Guilford",
    "North Haven",
    "Windsor Locks"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 0.699
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 0.8423
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.9912
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.0624
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.0707
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 1.1228
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.1836
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.2013
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.2293
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 1.2365
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.2648
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.3154
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.3684
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 1.3747
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.3818
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.3871
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.4016
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.4167
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.4334
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.4396
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.4472
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.45
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.4698
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.5129
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.5156
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.5165
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 1.5275
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.5353
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.5359
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.5401
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.5492
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.5604
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.569
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.57
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.5731
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.5743
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.5878
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.5897
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.6
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.6006
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.6057
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.6087
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.6157
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.6184
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.6372
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.6465
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.6501
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.6523
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.6632
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.6922
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.6983
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.7111
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.7167
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.7396
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 1.75
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.7594
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.7665
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 1.7866
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.7947
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.8003
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.8013
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.8126
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 1.8296
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.8386
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.8529
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.8577
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.8588
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.8655
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.8722
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.8743
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.8945
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.8989
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 1.9102
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.9162
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 1.9455
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.9672
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.9744
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.9859
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.9943
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.9958
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 2.0027
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 2.0046
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.0176
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.0251
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.0384
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 2.0507
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.0522
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 2.0709
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.0837
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.0874
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.1023
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 2.1042
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 2.1117
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.1165
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 2.1235
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 2.126
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 2.127
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.1612
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 2.163
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 2.1634
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.1657
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.1778
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.1815
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 2.1817
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 2.2171
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.2301
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 2.2322
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.2324
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 2.2396
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.2482
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 2.2483
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.2603
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.2854
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 2.387
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.4451
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 2.4688
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.4689
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.4852
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.4949
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 2.4965
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.5115
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 2.5174
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.5479
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 2.5504
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 2.5699
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.5714
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 2.5903
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 2.5941
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 2.6256
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 2.6474
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 2.6842
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 2.718
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.7314
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 2.7711
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.7866
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 2.8178
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 2.8261
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.832
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.837
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 2.871
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.886
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 2.9167
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 2.923
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 2.9335
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 2.944
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 2.955
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.9564
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 2.9856
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.0632
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 3.088
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 3.1464
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 3.1926
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 3.2118
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 3.2273
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 3.3923
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 3.4358
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 3.5233
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 3.5425
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.6727
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 3.712
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 3.8356
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.0793
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.146
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 4.1641
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 4.2703
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 4.5434
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 5.5694
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 5.7816
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Old Lyme",
    "Madison",
    "Waterford",
    "Oxford",
    "North Stonington",
    "Guilford",
    "Orange",
    "Bethany",
    "New Fairfield",
    "North Haven",
    "Haddam",
    "Clinton"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 0.415
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 0.6249
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 0.7332
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.8481
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 0.9628
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 0.9691
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 1.0629
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.0662
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.0874
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.1286
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.1487
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.1639
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.1652
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.1813
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.182
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.1947
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.197
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.2281
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.2662
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.2698
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.3055
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.3097
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.323
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 1.3498
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.3519
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.3608
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.3629
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.3648
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 1.3658
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.37
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.3737
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.3911
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.4025
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.4254
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.4394
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.4493
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.4507
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.4596
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.4681
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.4786
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.4931
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.4996
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.5045
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.5092
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.5101
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.5209
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.5245
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.5269
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.5307
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.5518
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 1.5526
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.5765
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.5905
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.6058
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.6127
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.6236
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.6349
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.6439
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.6518
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.6531
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 45.0,
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   "percentile": 87.6,
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   "percentile": 7.7,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
  }
 }
}