{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Putnam, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Putnam in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG G) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Putnam",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 9312
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 1120.96
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 148031.489691
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.120378
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0343
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Stafford",
    "Thomaston",
    "Plainfield",
    "Seymour",
    "Killingly",
    "Winchester",
    "Ashford",
    "Brooklyn",
    "Windsor Locks",
    "Coventry",
    "Plymouth",
    "Preston"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.2788
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.4911
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 0.6128
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 0.6467
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 0.7734
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 0.7787
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 0.8238
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.8533
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 0.8566
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.8683
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 0.8877
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 0.8973
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 0.9051
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 0.9069
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.9103
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.9384
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 0.9459
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.9746
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 0.9755
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.0102
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.0115
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.0231
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.0431
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.0495
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.0755
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.0909
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.0944
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.1174
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.1254
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.1322
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 1.1335
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.2071
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 1.229
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.2605
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.2614
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.2952
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 1.3093
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.3608
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.4072
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 1.4113
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.4362
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.449
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.4513
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.472
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.4936
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 1.5107
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.5169
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.5257
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 1.5572
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.5588
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.6558
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.6608
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.6662
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.6716
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.6844
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.6951
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.7037
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.7226
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 1.7245
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.7391
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.7414
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.7593
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 1.7599
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 1.7672
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.7758
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.8011
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.8068
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.8087
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.8133
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.8157
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.8539
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.8561
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.8608
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.8613
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.8945
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.8962
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.8998
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 1.9005
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.9019
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 1.9041
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.9061
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.9199
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.9258
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.9272
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.9321
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.9437
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.95
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.9692
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.9982
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.0079
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 2.0158
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 2.017
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 2.0531
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 2.0672
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.0874
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 2.0968
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 2.1005
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 2.109
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.1136
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 2.1217
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 2.1524
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 2.1538
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 2.1542
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.1795
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.2129
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.2408
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.2708
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.2895
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.3158
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.3192
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 2.3201
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 2.3649
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 2.378
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 2.4225
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 2.4344
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 2.4421
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 2.4976
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 2.5035
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 2.533
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.5363
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 2.5387
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 2.5488
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 2.5512
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 2.5523
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 2.5788
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.5962
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 2.6229
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.6411
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.6765
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.6818
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.6915
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 2.7119
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.7234
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.7324
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 2.789
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 2.825
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 2.8341
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 2.8461
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 2.8832
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 2.8947
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 2.9486
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.9954
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 3.0071
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 3.015
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 3.0389
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 3.0906
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 3.1508
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.1615
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 3.2328
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 3.2628
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 3.4135
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 3.4144
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.4188
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 3.6882
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.9147
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.9854
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 4.1486
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 4.2312
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 4.2583
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 4.2942
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 4.2963
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.3348
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 4.5394
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 4.6166
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 4.6826
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 4.7419
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 5.0013
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 5.0827
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Somers",
    "Stafford",
    "Thomaston",
    "Portland",
    "Beacon Falls",
    "Derby",
    "Columbia",
    "Canterbury",
    "North Branford",
    "Coventry",
    "Killingly",
    "Winchester"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.2486
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.2529
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.3797
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 0.3862
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.4137
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 0.4186
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.4814
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.5062
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.5334
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.5531
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 0.5592
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 0.5609
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 0.5653
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.5724
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.5883
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 0.6215
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 0.6297
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 0.6575
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.6645
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 0.6684
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.6898
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.7217
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 0.7218
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 0.7231
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.7304
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 0.7348
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 0.7452
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.7468
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 0.7611
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 0.7625
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 0.7632
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 0.7714
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 0.7823
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.7949
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 0.7952
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.813
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.8132
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.8243
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 0.8321
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.8495
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 0.8803
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 0.8866
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 0.9158
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 0.9266
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 0.9545
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 0.9554
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 0.9577
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 0.9603
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 0.9622
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 0.9634
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 0.9652
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 0.9925
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.0368
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.0489
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.0729
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.0821
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.0843
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.0935
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.1014
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 92.3,
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  }
 }
}