{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Portland, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Portland in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG E) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Portland",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 9428
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 1231.99
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 143058.046033
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.130674
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0306
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Coventry",
    "Somers",
    "Prospect",
    "Plainville",
    "Woodstock",
    "Beacon Falls",
    "Thomaston",
    "Colchester",
    "Canterbury",
    "Wolcott",
    "Lebanon",
    "Columbia"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.3847
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.4228
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.6099
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 0.6157
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 0.6698
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.6741
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.683
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 0.692
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.7014
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 0.7235
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.7316
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.7524
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.7545
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.7944
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.7976
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.8031
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 0.8032
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 0.8217
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 0.8521
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.9069
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.9139
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.9158
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 0.9162
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 0.9247
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 0.9474
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 0.9807
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.0001
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.0037
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.004
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.0174
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.0213
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.092
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.1133
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.143
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.1482
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.1669
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.168
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.1694
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.1794
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.1836
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.1876
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.1994
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.2002
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.2069
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.2213
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.2377
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.284
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.2859
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.286
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.2893
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.2955
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.2981
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.3081
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.314
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.3189
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.3235
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.3248
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.3416
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.3627
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.3691
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.3843
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.3914
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.4347
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.4407
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.4464
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.4489
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.459
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.4681
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.4685
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.4697
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.4764
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.4973
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 1.5025
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.5152
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.5531
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 1.5602
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.5633
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 1.6046
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.6056
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 1.6194
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.6243
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.6371
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.6377
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.6497
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 1.665
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.67
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.7576
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.758
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.7602
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.7722
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 1.7723
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 1.8085
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.817
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.838
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.8625
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.8644
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 1.8719
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.8743
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 1.8829
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.9308
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 1.932
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.9656
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 1.978
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.9933
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.0027
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 2.0202
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 2.0277
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 2.0471
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 2.0772
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 2.097
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.0989
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.1172
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.12
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.1238
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 2.1337
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 2.1345
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.1366
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 2.1623
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.1823
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.1869
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 2.2027
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.2145
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 2.2299
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 2.235
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 2.2823
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.2892
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.3525
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.3683
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 2.3874
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 2.4969
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.5072
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 2.5215
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.5548
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 2.5763
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 2.5772
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 2.6361
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 2.7644
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.7736
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.7902
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 2.8032
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 2.8458
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.9146
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 2.9228
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.9262
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 2.9508
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 2.96
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 2.9632
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.0792
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 3.1113
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 3.1835
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 3.3706
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.4151
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 3.4463
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 3.7287
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 3.7418
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.7764
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 3.7912
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.8095
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 3.9045
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.1419
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 4.276
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 4.3658
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 4.3711
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 4.4803
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 4.6665
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 4.7012
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 4.776
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.8423
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Hebron",
    "Somers",
    "Stafford",
    "Coventry",
    "Putnam",
    "Plainfield",
    "Thomaston",
    "Brooklyn",
    "Seymour",
    "Plainville",
    "Prospect",
    "Killingly"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.284
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.3134
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.3202
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.3514
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.3862
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 0.3974
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.4396
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.4484
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 0.4794
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 0.5291
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.5387
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 0.5636
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 0.58
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 0.583
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 0.5888
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 0.6049
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 0.6248
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 0.6297
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.6329
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.6401
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 0.6482
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.6608
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 0.6708
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.6719
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.6818
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 0.6962
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.7036
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.7106
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.7248
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.7426
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 0.7447
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.7573
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 0.7718
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 0.7959
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 0.7972
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 0.8352
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.8647
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.8676
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 0.8862
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 0.8883
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 0.9177
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 0.9197
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 0.9315
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 0.9397
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 0.9413
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 0.943
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 0.9855
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 0.9864
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 0.9869
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.0146
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.0178
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.0194
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.0278
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.0287
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.0361
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 1.0408
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.0572
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.0599
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.077
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.101
    },
    {
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 49.7,
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 }
}