{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Orange, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Orange in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG B) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Orange",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 14322
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 2268.0
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 289774.619187
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.158358
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.025
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Avon",
    "Farmington",
    "Woodbridge",
    "Guilford",
    "Madison",
    "Glastonbury",
    "Bethel",
    "Simsbury",
    "Burlington",
    "Bethany",
    "Newtown",
    "Oxford"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 0.6521
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 0.6553
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 0.7499
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 0.7853
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 0.7956
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 0.9666
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 0.9995
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 1.0463
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.0662
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.0679
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.1225
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.1401
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 1.141
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.1843
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.2387
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 1.241
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.2513
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.2846
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 1.2995
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.3156
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.3161
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.3189
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.3493
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.3692
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.3755
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.4181
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.4203
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.4297
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.441
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.4424
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 1.4515
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 1.4574
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.5275
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.5353
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.5441
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.5945
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.6039
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.6144
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.6289
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 1.637
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.6505
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.6574
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.6606
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 1.6756
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.6772
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.717
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.7447
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.7451
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.7489
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.7595
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.8067
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 1.8131
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.8607
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.8705
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.8758
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.8944
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.9375
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.0024
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 2.0328
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.0331
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 2.0444
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 2.05
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 2.0548
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.0914
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.0975
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 2.1297
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.1499
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.1532
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.157
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.1619
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.178
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 2.1901
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 2.2299
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.2525
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.2573
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.2726
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.2963
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 2.3156
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.3265
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.3306
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.3398
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 2.3949
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 2.3966
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 2.4053
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.4081
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 2.4141
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 2.4301
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 2.4549
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 2.462
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.4664
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.4765
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 2.4776
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.4963
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 2.5353
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.562
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.5637
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.6117
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 2.6169
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 2.6223
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.6224
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 2.6665
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 2.6953
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 2.6983
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.7068
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.7135
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.7252
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 2.727
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 2.7822
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.7904
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.7921
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.8106
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.83
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 2.8349
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.8403
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 2.845
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 2.8523
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.8706
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 2.8736
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 2.8881
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.8947
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.9077
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 2.913
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 3.0287
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 3.0572
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 3.0576
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 3.126
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 3.1636
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 3.1915
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 3.192
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 3.197
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 3.2197
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 3.2266
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 3.2278
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 3.2305
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 3.2394
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 3.2519
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 3.2669
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 3.3145
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 3.327
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 3.3644
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.403
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.5227
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 3.5644
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 3.5834
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 3.6143
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 3.6267
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 3.6439
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 3.6986
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 3.7063
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.71
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.8053
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 3.8215
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.8673
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 3.8957
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 3.9068
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 3.9757
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 3.9844
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 3.9978
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 4.0565
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 4.1456
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.6432
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 4.6442
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 4.6976
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 4.7767
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.8533
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 4.9191
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 6.0725
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 6.1481
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "New Fairfield",
    "Avon",
    "Farmington",
    "Guilford",
    "Brookfield",
    "Easton",
    "Woodbridge",
    "Madison",
    "Bethel",
    "Newtown",
    "Middlebury",
    "Glastonbury"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 0.3085
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 0.4817
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 0.5866
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 0.615
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 0.625
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 0.6276
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 0.6948
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 0.7449
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 0.7765
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 0.7863
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 0.8925
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 0.905
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 0.93
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.9573
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 0.9934
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 0.9949
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.018
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 1.0306
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.0316
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.0629
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.0746
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.1015
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.1019
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 1.122
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 1.1431
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.1438
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.1621
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 1.1904
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.2056
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.2149
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.229
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.251
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.2574
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.2607
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.2752
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.2958
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.3197
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.3271
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.3553
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.3775
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.4026
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.4235
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 1.4238
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.4403
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 1.4456
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.4631
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.4705
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.5039
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 1.5273
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.5315
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.5562
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.5882
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.6311
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.6397
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.6441
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.6571
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.661
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.663
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.6852
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 1.7208
    },
    {
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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 }
}