{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Norfolk, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Norfolk in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG E) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Norfolk",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 1596
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 134.14
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 341563.249373
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.084048
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0265
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Morris",
    "Lyme",
    "Bridgewater",
    "Kent",
    "Goshen",
    "Sherman",
    "Cornwall",
    "Union",
    "Warren",
    "Hartland",
    "Essex",
    "Westbrook"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 0.802
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 0.8444
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 0.915
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 0.9397
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 0.9636
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.0349
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 1.0584
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 1.1658
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 1.2363
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.2626
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 1.3481
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.4119
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.4754
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 1.5265
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.5804
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.5955
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.6639
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.6645
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 1.7171
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.7485
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 1.8121
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.8148
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.8356
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.8643
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 1.8702
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.886
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.9303
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.0296
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 2.0376
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.0546
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.0755
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 2.1621
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.1726
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.2555
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 2.2584
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 2.3047
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.3059
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.3304
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.3634
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.3739
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.4152
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.4267
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.4413
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.4646
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.4718
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.48
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.5071
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.5174
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.5434
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.5451
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.6019
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.6102
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 2.6313
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.6327
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.716
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.7206
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.7237
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.7289
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 2.7718
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 2.7755
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.841
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 2.8651
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 2.9125
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 2.9141
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 2.9526
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.9561
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 2.9775
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 2.991
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 3.0393
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 3.057
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 3.0652
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 3.0709
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 3.0776
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 3.0824
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 3.0833
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 3.1044
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 3.1113
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 3.1182
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 3.1219
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 3.126
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 3.1569
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 3.1658
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 3.1898
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 3.1917
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 3.2097
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 3.2159
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 3.2328
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 3.243
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 3.2745
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 3.2905
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 3.3106
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 3.3422
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 3.3644
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 3.3871
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 3.3894
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 3.3908
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 3.4167
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 3.4185
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.4196
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 3.4299
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 3.4695
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 3.4727
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 3.4822
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 3.4896
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 3.4959
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 3.5207
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 3.5366
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 3.5661
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 3.567
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 3.5751
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 3.5889
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 3.6294
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 3.6376
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 3.6417
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 3.6742
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 3.6822
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 3.6918
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 3.6956
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 3.7008
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 3.7105
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 3.7359
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 3.7521
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 3.7957
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 3.8165
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 3.8349
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 3.8691
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 3.8704
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 3.9432
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 4.0005
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 4.0202
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 4.035
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 4.0473
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 4.0755
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 4.0856
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.1372
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 4.1451
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 4.1682
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 4.1909
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 4.2244
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 4.2401
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 4.2556
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.3411
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 4.3441
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 4.3518
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 4.3584
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 4.365
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 4.4504
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 4.4678
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 4.5816
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 4.6022
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 4.6366
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 4.6432
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 4.7219
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 4.8092
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 4.8216
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 4.8397
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 4.8544
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 5.0611
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 5.0679
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 5.2921
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 5.4294
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 5.4778
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 5.5319
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 5.6764
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 5.9368
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 6.2447
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 7.3698
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 7.4394
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Canaan",
    "Cornwall",
    "Morris",
    "Bridgewater",
    "Goshen",
    "Kent",
    "Lyme",
    "Union",
    "Warren",
    "Sherman",
    "Essex",
    "Roxbury"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 0.4051
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 0.5779
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 0.6516
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 0.6893
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 0.7632
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 0.7917
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 0.8339
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 0.9395
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 1.0619
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.1119
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 1.1982
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 1.2134
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.2881
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.3122
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.3257
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.3273
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.3777
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 1.4512
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.4759
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.5717
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 1.6237
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.6477
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.6679
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.6689
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 1.7309
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.7434
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 1.8228
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.8425
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.9061
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.0048
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 2.0271
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.0309
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.0385
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.0691
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 2.0968
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.2099
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.2157
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.2414
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.2629
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.3308
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.3332
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.3404
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 2.3676
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.3936
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.4353
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 2.4366
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.4389
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.4555
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.4715
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.5275
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.5376
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.5463
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.547
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.58
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 2.5834
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.5891
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.6266
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.6694
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.7014
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.7051
    },
    {
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 10.7,
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 }
}