{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Madison, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Madison in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG B) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Madison",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 17498
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 2448.31
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 338057.325523
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.139919
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.026
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Guilford",
    "Orange",
    "Farmington",
    "Old Lyme",
    "Oxford",
    "North Haven",
    "Newtown",
    "Waterford",
    "East Lyme",
    "Redding",
    "Avon",
    "Rocky Hill"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 0.5191
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 0.7956
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 0.8941
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 0.9168
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.9185
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.0059
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.0079
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.0103
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.1076
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.1228
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.1434
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.1882
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.1998
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.2155
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.2679
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.3016
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.3031
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.334
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 1.3576
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.364
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.3766
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.3901
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.3918
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.4242
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.437
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.4563
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.4713
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 1.4764
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.479
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.4859
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.5017
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 1.5046
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.5279
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 1.5384
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.5863
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.595
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.6113
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.6118
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.6158
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.6173
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.6316
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 1.6345
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.6557
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.7022
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 1.7061
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.7067
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.7323
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 1.733
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.7459
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.7721
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.8016
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.8067
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 1.8139
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.827
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.8417
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.8586
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.8612
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.8756
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.8844
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.9027
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.9047
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.9174
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.9229
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.9243
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.93
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 1.9335
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.9389
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.94
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.9614
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.9725
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.979
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.9808
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.0
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.0227
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.0304
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.0316
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.037
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 2.0529
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 2.0546
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 2.0857
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 2.1048
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.1429
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.1683
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 2.2027
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.2171
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 2.2172
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.2423
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.2738
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 2.2778
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.2992
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.3076
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 2.3336
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 2.3342
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.3526
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 2.3554
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 2.3613
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.3793
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.4306
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.4316
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 2.4337
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 2.4681
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 2.474
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 2.4861
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 2.522
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.5552
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 2.5606
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.5675
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.5744
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.5768
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 2.578
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 2.5883
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 2.597
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 2.6431
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.6779
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 2.682
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 2.7089
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 2.7119
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.7141
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 2.7357
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 2.7871
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 2.7872
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.814
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.8298
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.8641
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.8665
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.8716
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.9143
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 2.9212
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 2.9526
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 2.9697
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 2.9929
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 3.0617
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 3.071
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 3.0716
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 3.0784
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 3.0805
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.0892
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 3.1015
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 3.1256
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.1347
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 3.1367
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 3.1417
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 3.187
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 3.228
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 3.2488
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 3.2672
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 3.285
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 3.3764
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 3.4223
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 3.4314
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.4945
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 3.5007
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 3.5151
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.6623
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.6759
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 3.7685
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 3.775
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 3.7939
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 3.9704
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.0963
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 4.1744
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 4.4726
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.4848
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 4.5214
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 4.7123
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 4.8976
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 6.0243
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 6.1469
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Guilford",
    "Waterford",
    "Redding",
    "Orange",
    "Old Lyme",
    "Oxford",
    "North Haven",
    "New Fairfield",
    "Farmington",
    "Newtown",
    "Brookfield",
    "Cromwell"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 0.4874
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 0.5406
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 0.6249
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 0.7449
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 0.7896
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 0.8162
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 0.829
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 0.841
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 0.8769
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 0.8769
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 0.9037
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.0576
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.0827
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.089
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.126
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 1.1365
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.1501
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.1554
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.1617
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.1646
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.2382
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.2479
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.2499
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.2525
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.2596
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 1.2767
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.2908
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.3223
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 1.3335
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.3342
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.3362
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.3406
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.4093
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 1.4108
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 1.4121
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.4356
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.4461
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.4514
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.4573
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 1.4656
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 1.4831
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.5003
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 1.5509
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.576
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.5844
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.5922
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.601
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.6024
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.6038
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.6074
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.6246
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.6249
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.6339
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.6362
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 1.6482
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.6486
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.6515
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.6735
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.6809
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 1.6853
    },
    {
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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 }
}