{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Kent, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Kent in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG E) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Kent",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 3066
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 200.41
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 385117.559361
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.065365
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0271
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Norfolk",
    "Essex",
    "Bridgewater",
    "Salisbury",
    "Lyme",
    "Cornwall",
    "Goshen",
    "Westbrook",
    "Morris",
    "Sherman",
    "Warren",
    "Washington"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 0.9397
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 1.1595
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 1.1937
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 1.1964
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 1.2623
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 1.279
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 1.3104
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.3142
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 1.3169
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.4231
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 1.4407
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 1.5446
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.6904
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 1.6992
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 1.7024
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.7499
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.795
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.8887
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 1.9207
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.9225
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 2.0075
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 2.0655
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.1044
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.1328
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.2334
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 2.3502
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 2.3683
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.3983
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.445
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.4465
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.4608
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.4676
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.4684
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 2.4695
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 2.4727
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 2.4954
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.5254
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.6381
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.6621
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.6664
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.7323
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.7701
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.7711
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.7755
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 2.7763
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 2.7784
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.7797
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.8046
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.8405
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.8424
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.8428
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.8608
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.8772
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.8892
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.8967
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.9079
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.9416
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 3.0268
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 3.0875
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 3.1117
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 3.1132
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 3.1176
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 3.1347
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 3.1383
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 3.1518
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 3.1635
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 3.1842
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 3.2198
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 3.2235
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 3.2342
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 3.3229
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 3.3585
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 3.3692
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 3.3705
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 3.3815
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 3.397
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 3.4087
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 3.4089
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 3.4146
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 3.4151
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 3.4153
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 3.4185
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 3.4188
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 3.4613
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 3.4657
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 3.4786
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 3.4799
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 3.4922
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 3.5095
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 3.5114
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 3.5168
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 3.5168
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 3.5316
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 3.5354
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 3.5475
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 3.5567
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 3.5617
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 3.5649
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 3.5771
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 3.6182
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 3.635
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 3.6556
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 3.666
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 3.71
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.7225
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 3.7313
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 3.7777
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 3.7865
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 3.8075
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 3.8163
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 3.8275
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 3.8475
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 3.8524
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 3.8533
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 3.8752
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 3.8871
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 3.8918
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 3.9008
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.9212
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 3.923
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 3.9359
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 3.9384
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 3.9517
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 3.9603
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 3.9775
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 4.0329
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 4.0364
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 4.0478
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 4.0601
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 4.065
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 4.0903
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.0952
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 4.1265
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 4.1319
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 4.1466
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 4.1635
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 4.1815
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 4.2466
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 4.2975
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 4.298
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 4.3098
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 4.3322
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 4.3375
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 4.4281
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 4.4438
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 4.5587
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 4.6115
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 4.6592
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 4.6729
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 4.7045
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 4.7053
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 4.7585
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 4.8604
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 4.9943
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 5.0673
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 5.2101
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 5.2444
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 5.282
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 5.2859
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 5.3577
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 5.5577
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 5.6301
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 5.7336
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 5.7956
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 5.8305
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 6.2976
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 7.3873
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 7.4777
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Cornwall",
    "Norfolk",
    "Bridgewater",
    "Roxbury",
    "Sharon",
    "Goshen",
    "Essex",
    "Lyme",
    "Canaan",
    "Salisbury",
    "Warren",
    "Morris"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 0.6304
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 0.7917
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 0.8194
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 0.8753
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 1.1184
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 1.1215
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 1.1695
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 1.1759
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 1.1863
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 1.1993
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 1.2157
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 1.2279
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 1.2566
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.4195
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 1.4934
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.5794
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 1.6372
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.8034
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.8486
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.8558
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.8717
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.9378
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.0473
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 2.0992
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.1543
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.224
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.2303
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 2.2938
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.3195
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 2.4023
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.4495
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 2.4724
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 2.4773
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.4938
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.508
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.5155
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 2.5471
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.5542
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.574
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.5811
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.6113
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.6798
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.8
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.8259
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 2.8513
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.8682
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 2.8829
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.8921
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.9024
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.9041
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 2.913
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.9245
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.9372
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 2.9564
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.98
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.9807
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.9821
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.9875
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.9935
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 3.0352
    },
    {
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 8.9,
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 }
}