{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Groton, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Groton in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG G) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Groton",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 37878
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 4432.44
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 176469.31678
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.117019
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0282
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Wallingford",
    "Newington",
    "New Milford",
    "Milford",
    "Southbury",
    "Rocky Hill",
    "Berlin",
    "Watertown",
    "Suffield",
    "Southington",
    "East Lyme",
    "North Haven"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 0.2858
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 0.4963
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 0.6523
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 0.7548
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 0.7916
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 0.7986
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 0.8424
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 0.8796
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.896
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 0.9009
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 0.9175
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 0.9322
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 0.9356
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 0.9742
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.9807
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 0.9808
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 0.987
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.0069
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 1.0912
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 1.1124
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 1.1246
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.1946
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.2208
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.227
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.2312
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.2358
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.2966
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.3053
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.3075
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.3228
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.3409
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.349
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 1.3565
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.3677
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 1.3811
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.389
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 1.3942
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.4062
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.4172
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.4287
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.4506
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 1.4705
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.4717
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.4725
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.4916
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.4917
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.5066
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.5152
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.5318
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.5768
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 1.5802
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 1.5927
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 1.5932
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.6092
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.6117
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.6156
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.6293
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.6435
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.6464
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.6577
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.6633
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.6662
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.6814
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.6876
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 1.7179
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.7244
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.7337
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.7355
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.7448
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.7658
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.8054
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 1.827
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 1.8365
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 1.8555
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.8663
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.8789
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.8944
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.8962
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.9017
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.9128
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.9196
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.9282
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 1.9301
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.9377
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.9531
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 1.9704
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.9802
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.9949
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.9991
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 2.0019
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 2.006
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 2.0136
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 2.0145
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 2.0328
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.0405
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 2.043
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.0818
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.0837
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 2.0988
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 2.1159
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 2.1475
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 2.1499
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 2.1572
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 2.1608
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 2.1616
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 2.187
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 2.3051
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.3135
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 2.3207
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.3637
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 2.3846
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 2.4087
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 2.4315
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.433
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 2.4426
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.4743
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.4766
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.4881
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.5399
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 2.5904
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 2.5927
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 2.5976
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.6282
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 2.6349
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.6498
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.7158
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 2.7198
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 2.723
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 2.7237
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.747
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 2.7561
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 2.7862
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 2.8046
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 2.8109
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 2.8154
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 2.8225
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 2.8383
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 2.9082
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 2.9317
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.9374
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.9399
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 3.1886
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 3.2141
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 3.253
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 3.2979
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 3.3133
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.3217
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 3.3815
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 3.4167
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 3.5844
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.5903
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 3.6414
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 3.7394
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 3.7439
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.8042
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.8566
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 3.9339
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 3.9496
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 4.0144
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 4.0151
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 4.0751
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 4.1948
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 4.2239
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 4.2856
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.5441
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 4.623
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 4.9669
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 5.066
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Wallingford",
    "Shelton",
    "Newington",
    "Watertown",
    "New Milford",
    "Bloomfield",
    "Windsor",
    "Rocky Hill",
    "Stratford",
    "Killingly",
    "Milford",
    "Enfield"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 0.301
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 0.3794
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 0.4368
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 0.4471
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 0.5905
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 0.6119
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 0.6669
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 0.6789
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 0.6802
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 0.6919
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 0.7089
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 0.7386
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.7507
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 0.7523
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 0.7561
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 0.7775
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 0.7981
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 0.828
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 0.837
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.8431
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 0.8741
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 0.8771
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 0.8812
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 0.9027
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 0.9027
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 0.9115
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 0.9309
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 0.9326
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 0.9467
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 0.9476
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 0.9503
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 0.953
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.9977
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 1.028
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.041
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.05
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.0824
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.0905
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.1062
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 1.1275
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 1.1404
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 1.1505
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 1.1574
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.161
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.1794
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.1869
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 1.1924
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.2039
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.2057
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.2205
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.2227
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.2372
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.2398
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.2773
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 1.2793
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.2948
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.2957
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 1.3281
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 1.3357
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.336
    },
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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 }
}