{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Goshen, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Goshen in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG E) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Goshen",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 3232
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 304.67
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 345226.792389
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.094267
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0237
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Lyme",
    "Sherman",
    "Essex",
    "Norfolk",
    "Bridgewater",
    "Cornwall",
    "Morris",
    "Westbrook",
    "Bozrah",
    "Deep River",
    "Kent",
    "Old Saybrook"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 0.6662
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 0.7197
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 0.7924
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 0.9636
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 0.9939
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 1.0616
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 1.2153
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.2259
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.289
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.2907
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 1.3104
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.3334
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.3858
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 1.398
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.4559
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.5327
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 1.5732
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 1.6554
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.6686
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.6769
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.7665
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.7903
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 1.8033
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.8232
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.8396
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.8801
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 1.8818
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.9048
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.9481
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.9656
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.9835
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.9967
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.0173
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.0181
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.0632
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 2.1175
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.1864
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.2027
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 2.2301
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 2.2658
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 2.2751
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 2.2865
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 2.2992
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 2.2993
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.3035
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.3047
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.311
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.334
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 2.343
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.3711
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.4279
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.4339
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.4344
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 2.4427
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 2.4469
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.4648
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 2.477
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.5014
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 2.5053
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.5289
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.5606
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.577
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 2.6009
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 2.6028
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 2.607
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 2.6078
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 2.6109
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 2.6161
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 2.6221
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 2.6282
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.6382
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 2.6414
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 2.7134
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 2.7135
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 2.715
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 2.8038
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.8133
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 2.8248
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 2.8291
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 2.9159
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.9215
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 2.9262
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 2.9367
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.9399
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 2.9399
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 2.9449
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 2.945
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.9526
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 2.9535
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 2.961
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 2.9918
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.9939
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 3.0092
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 3.0172
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 3.0523
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 3.0523
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 3.0585
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 3.077
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.0877
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 3.1132
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 3.1266
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 3.1519
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 3.161
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 3.1745
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 3.2019
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 3.2089
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 3.2153
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 3.2405
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 3.2443
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 3.2461
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 3.2628
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 3.2811
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 3.29
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 3.343
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 3.353
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 3.3635
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 3.3698
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 3.4355
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 3.4406
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 3.4514
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 3.4986
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 3.5293
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 3.5578
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 3.5673
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 3.5739
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 3.5786
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 3.5842
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 3.5901
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 3.5959
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.6038
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.6661
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 3.7055
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 3.7081
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 3.7354
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 3.7521
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 3.7562
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 3.7864
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 3.7971
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 3.8334
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 3.9608
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 4.0094
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 4.0794
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 4.1155
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 4.1462
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 4.231
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 4.2574
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 4.3008
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 4.3253
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 4.3924
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 4.406
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 4.4083
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 4.4389
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 4.4411
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 4.5494
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 4.5628
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 4.5862
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 4.6429
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 4.7611
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 4.768
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 4.9133
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 5.0032
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 5.329
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 5.5689
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 5.62
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 5.812
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 6.1849
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 7.3831
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 7.4207
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Morris",
    "Sherman",
    "Lyme",
    "Essex",
    "Westbrook",
    "Norfolk",
    "Bethlehem",
    "Canaan",
    "Chester",
    "Bridgewater",
    "Litchfield",
    "Cornwall"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 0.319
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 0.417
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 0.5561
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 0.6125
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 0.6821
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 0.7632
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 0.8679
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 0.9035
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.0041
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 1.0248
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.0365
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 1.0979
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 1.1215
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.1232
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.1397
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.1672
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.1888
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.2557
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 1.2906
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 1.3058
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 1.365
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.3911
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.3997
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.4529
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 1.4738
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.4876
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 1.4966
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 1.5733
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.5798
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.5836
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.6317
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.6389
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.6456
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 1.6474
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.7505
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.7676
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.7726
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.8278
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.8313
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.863
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.8666
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.8676
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.8749
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.8858
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.9007
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 1.937
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.967
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.9873
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.9954
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.0003
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 2.0102
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.0204
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.0209
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.0537
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.0822
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.0871
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 2.093
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.0933
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 2.1268
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 2.1576
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
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    {
     "town": "East Haven",
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 4.7,
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  }
 }
}