{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Derby, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Derby in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG H) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Derby",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 12406
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 1449.95
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 126289.173867
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.116875
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0396
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Ansonia",
    "Plymouth",
    "Winchester",
    "Killingly",
    "New London",
    "Putnam",
    "Stafford",
    "Seymour",
    "Norwich",
    "Windham",
    "Sterling",
    "Plainfield"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 0.6022
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 0.6911
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 0.8611
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 0.8826
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 0.979
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.2614
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.3243
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.3465
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 1.3516
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 1.3809
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 1.3815
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.4171
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.4527
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.4877
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.555
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 1.5571
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.633
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.6488
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.6508
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 1.6898
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 1.7406
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.7477
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 1.7487
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 1.7601
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 1.7726
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.8186
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.8378
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.8812
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.8902
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.9094
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 1.9445
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 1.9621
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.968
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.9991
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 2.0
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 2.0204
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 2.0258
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.043
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 2.0875
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 2.097
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 2.1242
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 2.1301
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 2.1525
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.1559
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 2.1842
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 2.2088
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 2.2208
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 2.2768
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 2.2846
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 2.2858
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 2.3161
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 2.3414
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.3601
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 2.3778
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 2.3834
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 2.3836
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.4396
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 2.4956
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.5028
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 2.5288
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 2.5326
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 2.5347
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 2.5506
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 2.559
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 2.6282
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 2.6526
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 2.7314
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 2.7333
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 2.7569
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.7652
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 2.7811
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 2.8117
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.8155
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.8225
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 2.8388
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 2.8418
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 2.8598
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 2.902
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 2.9036
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.9102
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.9296
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 2.9304
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 2.9388
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 2.955
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 2.9725
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 2.9761
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 3.0024
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 3.0027
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 3.0061
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 3.0094
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 3.0146
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 3.0311
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 3.047
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 3.0478
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 3.057
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 3.0703
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 3.078
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 3.0781
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 3.0807
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 3.088
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 3.1053
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 3.128
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 3.1381
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 3.1413
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 3.1431
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 3.1452
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 3.1824
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 3.1904
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 3.2095
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 3.2222
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 3.2552
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 3.2562
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 3.2566
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 3.271
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 3.2719
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 3.2867
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 3.2885
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 3.3101
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 3.3219
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 3.3224
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 3.3284
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 3.3407
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 3.3635
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.3717
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 3.3926
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 3.3941
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 3.4443
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 3.4817
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 3.5044
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 3.5066
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 3.518
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 3.5394
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 3.552
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 3.6252
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 3.7453
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 3.7567
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 3.7766
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 3.7835
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 3.7939
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.8229
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 3.8515
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 3.8938
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 3.9181
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 3.9423
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 3.9962
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 3.9978
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 4.0041
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 4.0753
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 4.0933
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 4.0997
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 4.2244
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 4.265
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 4.2975
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 4.3924
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 4.4744
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 4.5108
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 4.8467
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 5.0137
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 5.0863
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 5.1431
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 5.1808
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 5.1952
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 5.3406
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 5.3948
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 5.5083
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 5.782
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 5.8256
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 5.9423
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Stafford",
    "Plymouth",
    "Montville",
    "Putnam",
    "Thomaston",
    "Killingly",
    "Somers",
    "Portland",
    "Winchester",
    "Ansonia",
    "Beacon Falls",
    "East Haven"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.2857
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 0.3375
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 0.3988
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.4186
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.4322
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 0.5553
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.5559
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 0.58
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 0.5954
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 0.62
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.6296
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 0.642
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 0.6551
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 0.6576
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 0.6673
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 0.6769
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 0.7526
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.7688
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.7881
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 0.8006
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.8363
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 0.8391
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 0.8461
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.8558
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 0.8733
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 0.874
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 0.8783
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.905
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 0.908
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 0.9257
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 0.978
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.9816
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.9978
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.001
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.0021
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.0216
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.0245
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 1.0322
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.0339
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.0374
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.0474
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.0546
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.0629
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.0648
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.0725
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.1043
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.1191
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.1262
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.1546
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.1565
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.1574
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.1617
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 1.1897
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.1985
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.2021
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.2196
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.2243
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.2644
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.2646
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 1.2808
    },
    {
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 95.3,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
  }
 }
}