{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Columbia, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Columbia in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG C) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Columbia",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 5268
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 638.29
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 158339.537775
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.121164
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.029
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Beacon Falls",
    "Canterbury",
    "Middlefield",
    "Salem",
    "Andover",
    "Pomfret",
    "Lebanon",
    "Killingworth",
    "Somers",
    "Willington",
    "Voluntown",
    "Portland"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.4199
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.425
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 0.4417
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.5034
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 0.594
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.6098
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.6187
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 0.6298
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.6572
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 0.704
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 0.7348
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 0.7524
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 0.7853
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.8132
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 0.8447
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 0.8899
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.893
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.9084
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.9661
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.9707
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.99
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.0059
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 1.0093
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.0136
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.0199
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.0532
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.0606
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.0893
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.0947
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.1023
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 1.1064
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.1328
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.1651
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.1852
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.1951
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.2284
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.2377
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.2417
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 1.2493
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 1.2539
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.2855
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.2905
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.2952
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 1.3034
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 1.3138
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.315
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 1.321
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.3311
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.3326
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 1.3415
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 1.3528
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.3574
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.3853
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.3885
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.408
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 1.4124
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 1.4132
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 1.4153
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 1.434
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.4481
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.4608
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.4696
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 1.4754
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.4895
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.5134
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 1.5159
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.5247
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 1.5371
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 1.5788
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 1.5855
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.6223
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 1.6472
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 1.6682
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.6741
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 1.6741
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 1.6815
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 1.6821
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.7023
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.7412
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 1.7541
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.7603
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.7947
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 1.8054
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 1.813
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 1.8178
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.8251
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 1.8415
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 1.8525
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 1.8542
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 1.8562
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 1.9018
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.9153
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 1.9426
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 1.9449
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 1.956
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 1.9602
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 1.9666
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 1.991
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 2.0051
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 2.0204
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 2.0568
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.0623
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.0732
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 2.0772
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 2.1598
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.1615
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 2.1642
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 2.1683
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.1756
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 2.2003
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 2.2272
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 2.2377
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 2.2525
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.2658
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.2688
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 2.2732
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.2871
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.3035
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 2.3112
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 2.3197
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.3618
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.3663
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 2.3665
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 2.3954
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 2.4413
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.448
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 2.5347
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 2.5857
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 2.5929
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 2.61
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 2.6142
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 2.6154
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 2.6169
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 2.6552
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 2.6792
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 2.6957
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.7347
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 2.779
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 2.8424
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 2.8662
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 2.8975
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 2.9227
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.9285
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 3.1268
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.1316
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 3.1398
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 3.1626
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 3.1828
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.2281
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 3.2364
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.2961
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 3.3074
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 3.3118
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 3.527
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 3.5463
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 3.8274
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 3.8654
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 3.8878
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 3.9077
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 4.0408
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 4.1465
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.1645
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.2401
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 4.4256
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 4.5167
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 4.8364
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 5.3531
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 5.452
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Canterbury",
    "Beacon Falls",
    "Sterling",
    "Middlefield",
    "Pomfret",
    "Lebanon",
    "Durham",
    "New Hartford",
    "Salem",
    "Putnam",
    "Killingworth",
    "Preston"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 0.0425
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 0.3217
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 0.3463
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 0.4479
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 0.4572
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 0.459
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 0.4727
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 0.4746
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 0.4768
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 0.4814
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 0.5163
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 0.5313
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 0.5387
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 0.5429
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 0.547
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 0.5666
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 0.5788
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 0.5802
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 0.6132
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 0.6339
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 0.6465
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 0.6719
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 0.6937
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 0.699
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 0.7128
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 0.7129
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 0.7372
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 0.7413
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 0.761
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 0.8062
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 0.8391
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 0.8401
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 0.8563
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 0.8579
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 0.8631
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 0.8661
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 0.9271
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 0.961
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 0.9717
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 0.9746
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 0.993
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 0.9971
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.016
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 1.02
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.0251
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 1.0283
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.0473
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 1.0506
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 1.0541
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 1.0741
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 1.0932
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 1.0976
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.1005
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.1618
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 1.1672
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethlehem",
     "distance": 1.1727
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 1.1805
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 1.186
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.1997
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.2315
    },
    {
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 50.9,
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  }
 }
}