{
 "metadata": {
  "purpose": "Rule-based peer sets for Bethlehem, derived from published state data by a stated formula rather than selected by hand.",
  "built_by": "Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "recipe": "python Data/fetch_ct_ucoa.py && python Data/build_peer_sets.py",
  "input_file": "src/data/ct_ucoa_town_indicators.json",
  "source": "CT Office of Policy and Management — Municipal Fiscal Indicators (Uniform Chart of Accounts program)",
  "dataset_id": "ej6f-y2wf",
  "source_url": "https://data.ct.gov/resource/ej6f-y2wf.json",
  "pulled": "2026-08-25",
  "dataset_last_updated": "2026-03-03",
  "match_year": "FY 22-23 (OPM fiscal_year_end 2023)",
  "rule": "Standardize each variable across all towns (log-transforming the skewed size and wealth variables), then rank towns by Euclidean distance to Bethlehem in that standardized space. Variables are equally weighted. Nearest 12 are the peer set.",
  "why_logs": "Population, enrollment, and grand list per resident are heavily right-skewed. On raw values a few outlier towns dominate the variance and flatten real differences among mid-sized towns; on logs, the unit of distance becomes 'twice as big', which is the comparison that makes sense here.",
  "weighting_note": "Equal weights are a stated choice, not a fact. They were not tuned to produce a particular list.",
  "wealth_proxy_note": "Equalized net grand list per resident stands in for community wealth: it is the tax base per person restated to full market value, and it is the quantity that constrains what a mill rate can raise. Median household income would be a useful additional variable but the Census ACS API now requires a key.",
  "relationship_to_existing_sets": "Additional, not a replacement. The hand-built sets (Surrounding towns, DRG C) remain in use everywhere they already appear. Where this set and those sets disagree, the disagreement is itself worth showing.",
  "drg_note": "CT SDE District Reference Groups were created in 1996, last reassigned in 2006 on roughly 2000-census inputs, and have not been updated since. They were designed to compare school districts on family demographics — appropriate for education questions, not for municipal operations, and blind to town size.",
  "excluded": [
   "Groton (city)"
  ],
  "dropped_for_missing_data": [],
  "town_count_ranked": 169
 },
 "target": "Bethlehem",
 "variable_stats": {
  "population": {
   "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 9.392518,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.111223,
   "target_raw": 3421
  },
  "enrollment": {
   "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 7.309335,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 1.228189,
   "target_raw": 358.48
  },
  "grand_list_per_capita": {
   "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
   "log_transformed": true,
   "mean_of_transformed": 12.211418,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.467644,
   "target_raw": 240922.350482
  },
  "school_age_share": {
   "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.127697,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.027724,
   "target_raw": 0.104788
  },
  "unemployment": {
   "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
   "log_transformed": false,
   "mean_of_transformed": 0.030079,
   "stdev_of_transformed": 0.00449,
   "target_raw": 0.0349
  }
 },
 "peer_sets": {
  "municipal": {
   "label": "Municipal peers",
   "purpose": "Town-side spending, debt, reserves, and tax comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "population",
     "label": "Population (CT DPH estimate)",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    },
    {
     "key": "unemployment",
     "label": "Unemployment rate, annual average",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "North Canaan",
    "Colebrook",
    "Preston",
    "Canaan",
    "Willington",
    "Lebanon",
    "East Haddam",
    "Middlefield",
    "Canterbury",
    "Chester",
    "Chaplin",
    "Thompson"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 0.6446
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 1.1562
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.1897
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 1.3406
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.3708
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.3785
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 1.41
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 1.4219
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.4286
    },
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 1.4331
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 1.4638
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.4795
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.4878
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.4936
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.4984
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.503
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 1.5126
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.5304
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.5312
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.5378
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 1.543
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 1.6375
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 1.6394
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.6835
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.6878
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 1.7086
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 1.7166
    },
    {
     "town": "Thomaston",
     "distance": 1.7324
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.7412
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.7548
    },
    {
     "town": "Stafford",
     "distance": 1.7552
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.7855
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 1.7905
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.7959
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 1.8278
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.88
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.8945
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 1.8959
    },
    {
     "town": "Coventry",
     "distance": 1.9226
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 1.924
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingly",
     "distance": 1.9426
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.9467
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 1.9521
    },
    {
     "town": "Portland",
     "distance": 1.9656
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.9698
    },
    {
     "town": "Brooklyn",
     "distance": 1.9792
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.988
    },
    {
     "town": "Cromwell",
     "distance": 1.9925
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainfield",
     "distance": 2.0064
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 2.0071
    },
    {
     "town": "Seymour",
     "distance": 2.0117
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 2.0713
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 2.0754
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 2.0984
    },
    {
     "town": "Watertown",
     "distance": 2.1016
    },
    {
     "town": "Derby",
     "distance": 2.1301
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 2.1443
    },
    {
     "town": "Plymouth",
     "distance": 2.1464
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterford",
     "distance": 2.1544
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 2.168
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 2.1692
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 2.2228
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodstock",
     "distance": 2.2238
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 2.2555
    },
    {
     "town": "Oxford",
     "distance": 2.2585
    },
    {
     "town": "Plainville",
     "distance": 2.2817
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlebury",
     "distance": 2.2959
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 2.2997
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 2.3027
    },
    {
     "town": "Shelton",
     "distance": 2.3078
    },
    {
     "town": "Griswold",
     "distance": 2.3223
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 2.3476
    },
    {
     "town": "Canton",
     "distance": 2.3672
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haven",
     "distance": 2.368
    },
    {
     "town": "Marlborough",
     "distance": 2.3703
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor",
     "distance": 2.3769
    },
    {
     "town": "Bolton",
     "distance": 2.3773
    },
    {
     "town": "Suffield",
     "distance": 2.381
    },
    {
     "town": "New Fairfield",
     "distance": 2.3822
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 2.3942
    },
    {
     "town": "Wolcott",
     "distance": 2.4096
    },
    {
     "town": "Warren",
     "distance": 2.4104
    },
    {
     "town": "Berlin",
     "distance": 2.421
    },
    {
     "town": "Brookfield",
     "distance": 2.4281
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Lyme",
     "distance": 2.441
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 2.459
    },
    {
     "town": "Kent",
     "distance": 2.4608
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hampton",
     "distance": 2.4719
    },
    {
     "town": "New London",
     "distance": 2.4766
    },
    {
     "town": "North Haven",
     "distance": 2.4849
    },
    {
     "town": "New Milford",
     "distance": 2.4974
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 2.498
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 2.5015
    },
    {
     "town": "Montville",
     "distance": 2.5346
    },
    {
     "town": "East Lyme",
     "distance": 2.5404
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 2.5428
    },
    {
     "town": "Rocky Hill",
     "distance": 2.5458
    },
    {
     "town": "Ansonia",
     "distance": 2.5618
    },
    {
     "town": "Colchester",
     "distance": 2.5664
    },
    {
     "town": "Hebron",
     "distance": 2.61
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 2.6382
    },
    {
     "town": "Torrington",
     "distance": 2.6577
    },
    {
     "town": "Ellington",
     "distance": 2.6704
    },
    {
     "town": "Burlington",
     "distance": 2.6837
    },
    {
     "town": "Granby",
     "distance": 2.7092
    },
    {
     "town": "Groton",
     "distance": 2.747
    },
    {
     "town": "Stratford",
     "distance": 2.7541
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethany",
     "distance": 2.7604
    },
    {
     "town": "Middletown",
     "distance": 2.7627
    },
    {
     "town": "Vernon",
     "distance": 2.7753
    },
    {
     "town": "East Granby",
     "distance": 2.7896
    },
    {
     "town": "Easton",
     "distance": 2.8087
    },
    {
     "town": "Newtown",
     "distance": 2.8114
    },
    {
     "town": "Enfield",
     "distance": 2.8166
    },
    {
     "town": "Newington",
     "distance": 2.8405
    },
    {
     "town": "Guilford",
     "distance": 2.8419
    },
    {
     "town": "Madison",
     "distance": 2.8665
    },
    {
     "town": "Milford",
     "distance": 2.8704
    },
    {
     "town": "Wallingford",
     "distance": 2.8708
    },
    {
     "town": "Wethersfield",
     "distance": 2.8779
    },
    {
     "town": "Bethel",
     "distance": 2.8945
    },
    {
     "town": "Cheshire",
     "distance": 2.9352
    },
    {
     "town": "Naugatuck",
     "distance": 2.9672
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 2.9685
    },
    {
     "town": "Hamden",
     "distance": 2.9711
    },
    {
     "town": "Salisbury",
     "distance": 2.9826
    },
    {
     "town": "Ledyard",
     "distance": 3.0155
    },
    {
     "town": "Bristol",
     "distance": 3.0217
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgewater",
     "distance": 3.0398
    },
    {
     "town": "Southington",
     "distance": 3.0631
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwich",
     "distance": 3.0791
    },
    {
     "town": "West Haven",
     "distance": 3.1194
    },
    {
     "town": "Manchester",
     "distance": 3.1467
    },
    {
     "town": "Mansfield",
     "distance": 3.1717
    },
    {
     "town": "Avon",
     "distance": 3.1925
    },
    {
     "town": "Orange",
     "distance": 3.2266
    },
    {
     "town": "Fairfield",
     "distance": 3.2449
    },
    {
     "town": "Tolland",
     "distance": 3.2591
    },
    {
     "town": "Cornwall",
     "distance": 3.2728
    },
    {
     "town": "Monroe",
     "distance": 3.2952
    },
    {
     "town": "Norwalk",
     "distance": 3.3083
    },
    {
     "town": "Simsbury",
     "distance": 3.3397
    },
    {
     "town": "Farmington",
     "distance": 3.3832
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbridge",
     "distance": 3.4104
    },
    {
     "town": "Windham",
     "distance": 3.4766
    },
    {
     "town": "Danbury",
     "distance": 3.5377
    },
    {
     "town": "Trumbull",
     "distance": 3.5895
    },
    {
     "town": "Washington",
     "distance": 3.6447
    },
    {
     "town": "Meriden",
     "distance": 3.6741
    },
    {
     "town": "Stamford",
     "distance": 3.7026
    },
    {
     "town": "West Hartford",
     "distance": 3.7427
    },
    {
     "town": "East Hartford",
     "distance": 3.7692
    },
    {
     "town": "Glastonbury",
     "distance": 3.7747
    },
    {
     "town": "Ridgefield",
     "distance": 3.8194
    },
    {
     "town": "New Haven",
     "distance": 3.8486
    },
    {
     "town": "Roxbury",
     "distance": 3.9013
    },
    {
     "town": "South Windsor",
     "distance": 3.9392
    },
    {
     "town": "Bridgeport",
     "distance": 4.1171
    },
    {
     "town": "Sharon",
     "distance": 4.1464
    },
    {
     "town": "Greenwich",
     "distance": 4.1782
    },
    {
     "town": "New Britain",
     "distance": 4.2755
    },
    {
     "town": "Weston",
     "distance": 4.4812
    },
    {
     "town": "Wilton",
     "distance": 4.5872
    },
    {
     "town": "New Canaan",
     "distance": 4.6633
    },
    {
     "town": "Westport",
     "distance": 4.6957
    },
    {
     "town": "Darien",
     "distance": 5.1348
    },
    {
     "town": "Waterbury",
     "distance": 5.2461
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartford",
     "distance": 5.4059
    }
   ]
  },
  "school": {
   "label": "School peers",
   "purpose": "Education spending comparisons.",
   "variables": [
    {
     "key": "enrollment",
     "label": "Average Daily Membership enrollment",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "grand_list_per_capita",
     "label": "Equalized net grand list per resident",
     "log_transformed": true
    },
    {
     "key": "school_age_share",
     "label": "Enrollment as a share of population",
     "log_transformed": false
    }
   ],
   "peers": [
    "Chester",
    "Deep River",
    "Bozrah",
    "Hartland",
    "North Canaan",
    "Litchfield",
    "Voluntown",
    "Barkhamsted",
    "Eastford",
    "Middlefield",
    "Morris",
    "Killingworth"
   ],
   "ranked": [
    {
     "town": "Chester",
     "distance": 0.1522
    },
    {
     "town": "Deep River",
     "distance": 0.3479
    },
    {
     "town": "Bozrah",
     "distance": 0.4654
    },
    {
     "town": "Hartland",
     "distance": 0.6057
    },
    {
     "town": "North Canaan",
     "distance": 0.6406
    },
    {
     "town": "Litchfield",
     "distance": 0.7209
    },
    {
     "town": "Voluntown",
     "distance": 0.7414
    },
    {
     "town": "Barkhamsted",
     "distance": 0.7446
    },
    {
     "town": "Eastford",
     "distance": 0.7504
    },
    {
     "town": "Middlefield",
     "distance": 0.7698
    },
    {
     "town": "Morris",
     "distance": 0.7823
    },
    {
     "town": "Killingworth",
     "distance": 0.7905
    },
    {
     "town": "Westbrook",
     "distance": 0.8085
    },
    {
     "town": "Franklin",
     "distance": 0.8186
    },
    {
     "town": "Colebrook",
     "distance": 0.8466
    },
    {
     "town": "Goshen",
     "distance": 0.8679
    },
    {
     "town": "Woodbury",
     "distance": 0.8688
    },
    {
     "town": "Sherman",
     "distance": 0.9052
    },
    {
     "town": "East Haddam",
     "distance": 0.9493
    },
    {
     "town": "Chaplin",
     "distance": 0.9657
    },
    {
     "town": "Willington",
     "distance": 1.0483
    },
    {
     "town": "Lebanon",
     "distance": 1.0714
    },
    {
     "town": "Pomfret",
     "distance": 1.0818
    },
    {
     "town": "Essex",
     "distance": 1.082
    },
    {
     "town": "Durham",
     "distance": 1.1343
    },
    {
     "town": "Canterbury",
     "distance": 1.1444
    },
    {
     "town": "Harwinton",
     "distance": 1.1519
    },
    {
     "town": "East Windsor",
     "distance": 1.1542
    },
    {
     "town": "Columbia",
     "distance": 1.1727
    },
    {
     "town": "Clinton",
     "distance": 1.1885
    },
    {
     "town": "Thompson",
     "distance": 1.1966
    },
    {
     "town": "Andover",
     "distance": 1.198
    },
    {
     "town": "Sterling",
     "distance": 1.2146
    },
    {
     "town": "New Hartford",
     "distance": 1.2288
    },
    {
     "town": "Preston",
     "distance": 1.241
    },
    {
     "town": "Scotland",
     "distance": 1.2916
    },
    {
     "town": "Haddam",
     "distance": 1.2948
    },
    {
     "town": "Beacon Falls",
     "distance": 1.3178
    },
    {
     "town": "Canaan",
     "distance": 1.3196
    },
    {
     "town": "Norfolk",
     "distance": 1.3257
    },
    {
     "town": "Union",
     "distance": 1.3309
    },
    {
     "town": "Lyme",
     "distance": 1.3496
    },
    {
     "town": "Winchester",
     "distance": 1.3817
    },
    {
     "town": "North Branford",
     "distance": 1.4264
    },
    {
     "town": "Windsor Locks",
     "distance": 1.4733
    },
    {
     "town": "Salem",
     "distance": 1.493
    },
    {
     "town": "Stonington",
     "distance": 1.4958
    },
    {
     "town": "Lisbon",
     "distance": 1.4971
    },
    {
     "town": "Putnam",
     "distance": 1.5042
    },
    {
     "town": "Sprague",
     "distance": 1.5089
    },
    {
     "town": "Ashford",
     "distance": 1.5182
    },
    {
     "town": "Old Saybrook",
     "distance": 1.5477
    },
    {
     "town": "Southbury",
     "distance": 1.5654
    },
    {
     "town": "Somers",
     "distance": 1.5713
    },
    {
     "town": "North Stonington",
     "distance": 1.5965
    },
    {
     "town": "Bloomfield",
     "distance": 1.6234
    },
    {
     "town": "Redding",
     "distance": 1.6349
    },
    {
     "town": "Hampton",
     "distance": 1.655
    },
    {
     "town": "Branford",
     "distance": 1.6834
    },
    {
     "town": "Prospect",
     "distance": 1.7017
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    {
     "town": "East Haven",
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   ]
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 },
 "target_statewide_percentiles": {
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   "percentile": 24.3,
   "statewide_median": 0.2055
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 }
}